Vertical Gyroscope

The Vertical Gyroscope is used to measure the roll Angle (roll) and pitch Angle (attitude) of the spacecraft in the inertial navigation system and basic input system of various types of aviation instruments.

As an inertial measurement device, gyroscope is the core component of inertial navigation, inertial guidance and inertial measurement system, which is widely used in military and civil fields. The principle of gyroscope is very simple, its basic principle and the bicycle can walk upright principle, the core component is a rapid rotation of the metal wheel, is to rely on the rapid rotation of the wheel to produce a constant directivity, to indicate or drive or change the flight attitude of the aircraft, gyroscope is by gyrowheel high-speed rotation and work. The heading attitude system is a kind of flight instrument which measures and displays the heading Angle, pitch Angle and roll Angle of the aircraft. It consists of a full attitude gyroscope, a magnetic heading sensor or astronomical compass, and a full attitude indicator. The total attitude gyro is mainly composed of heading gyro and vertical gyro (a kind of gyro horizon). The two gyroscopes are installed in the following ring, so that the outer ring axis of the heading gyro can always be kept in the direction of the ground vertical line, and the rotor axis and the outer ring axis of the vertical gyro can always be kept orthogonal, so as to ensure that the full attitude gyroscope provides correct heading, pitch and tilt attitude information. Vertical gyroscope is widely used in modern aircraft, it can accurately measure the attitude Angle of the aircraft and output electrical signals proportional to the attitude Angle, which are provided to the computer and finally displayed on the instrument. In order to measure and output the attitude signal of the aircraft, the vertical gyroscope is equipped with a pitch synchronizer and a tilt synchronizer, which output the pitch Angle and tilt Angle signal respectively.

Vertical gyroscopes are very common in modern aircraft. They can accurately measure the attitude angle of the aircraft and output an electrical signal proportional to the attitude angle, which is provided to the computer and finally displayed on the instrument. In order to measure and output the attitude signal of the aircraft, a pitch synchronizer and a tilt synchronizer are mounted on the vertical gyroscope, and the pitch angle and the tilt angle electric signals are respectively output. In order to reduce the longitudinal acceleration error, the vertical gyroscope is equipped with a pitch upright and horizontal correction disconnection gate, which cuts off the pitch correction of the gyroscope when there is longitudinal acceleration; in order to reduce the hover error, the vertical gyroscope is installed with tilt upright and horizontal Correct the disconnection of the switch and cut off the tilt correction of the gyroscope when the tilt is tilted.

Internal structure

The vertical gyroscope is divided into two parts inside the whole device, the upper half holds the mechanical and electrical equipment of the gyroscope, and the lower half contains all the system electronics. The basic components of the upper half compartment are mainly composed of four parts: gyro rotor, gimbal, Angle sensor and torquer.

(1) Gyro rotor: synchronous motor, hysteresis motor, three-phase AC motor, brushless DC motor and other drag methods are often used to make the gyro rotor rotate around the spin axis at high speed, and make its speed approximately constant.

(2) Gimbal: the inner and outer frame of the gyroscope, or the inner and outer ring, which is the structure that enables the gyro spin axis to obtain the required rotational degrees of freedom, and is also the mechanical structure that supports the operation of the entire gyroscope.

(3) Angle sensor: used to measure the rotation Angle between the inner and outer rings of the gyroscope and the rotating shaft of the frame, which is the attitude Angle of the measured aircraft. Typically, there are two sets of Angle sensors in a gyro system, one set mounted on the frame and one set mounted on the corresponding support structure in the outer ring.

(4) Torque: used to provide correction torque compensation for the correction of the spindle position. In a gyroscope system, there are generally two groups of correction torquers, which are respectively installed on the frame and the outer ring support housing

According to the classification of the operation of the gyrowheel: electric and pneumatic.

According to the attitude Angle measurement, there are: friction potentiometer (by measuring the size of the analog voltage to calculate the attitude Angle) and non-contact capacitive gate sensor.

Apply

Early vertical gyroscope is mainly used in the field of aircraft, used in guided missiles, military aircraft, civil aircraft, with the continuous progress of technology, the cost continues to decline, the application of vertical gyroscope to expand the opportunity, in the case of emerging industries continue to emerge, The application market of vertical gyroscope has gradually expanded to UAV, robot, industrial control, platform stabilization, navigation control and so on. In order to meet the needs of high-tech industry, many new technologies are applied to the manufacture of vertical gyro, and the measurement accuracy of vertical gyro is still improving.

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