Definition
The ring-type laser gyro consists of a ring-type laser apparatus, which propagates the laser output from the same light source in the same optical path in reverse, and detects the rotation angular velocity of the outer ring through the Sagnac effect. The advantage of a ring laser gyro is that there are no moving parts, so there is no friction, and therefore no inherent drift. Compared with traditional mechanical gyroscopes, it is more compact and lighter.
The laser gyro is mainly based on the Sagnac effect. Self-propelled guns, chariots, planes, spacecraft, missiles, satellite satellites, submarines and ships.These devices all require gyroscopes to determine east-west, north-south and determine the upper and lower. In recent years, with the rapid development of optoelectronic technology, the new type of laser gyro, which integrates light, machine and electricity, has been rapidly developed and widely used in land, sea, sky and other fields. Ring laser Gyro is also known as the vast sky "positioning artifact."
In the process of gyro technology development, the dynamically-tuned gyro has been eliminated, and the laser gyro has always occupied the leading position in the application field of high precision. Ring laser gyro is one of the most important equipment in the current high precision strapdown inertial navigation system. It has been widely used in military and commercial fields.Corresponding to different uses, there are many kinds of laser gyroscope, can generally be divided into indicating gyroscope and sensing gyroscope. The gyroscope is used as a pilot and pilot instrument while in motion, and the gyroscope can be used in automatic control systems for moving objects. To ensure the normal operation of compass and autopilot, more than 10 gyroscopes are used in a typical aircraft. Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station system also extensive use of laser gyro to determine their own position. In addition, the laser gyro can be divided into three degrees of freedom gyro, two degrees of freedom gyro, rate gyro, integral gyro, unconstrained gyro, etc., depending on the number of frames and the type of work. These gyroscopes together with mechanical gyroscopes, fiber optic gyroscopes, free-wheeling gyroscopes, vibratory gyroscopes and the like make up the "big family of gyroscopes" .Laser gyro is very important in the new solid-state gyro field because of its unique advantages and performance ,plays a huge role in various modules and various application fields.
Application field
A typical gyroscopic inertial measurement unit (inenial measureInent unit) consists of a three-axis gyroscope and a three-axis accelerometer. In terms of commercial use, high-precision optical gyroscopes are used in the field of aviation navigation. RLS is the primary optical gyroscope used in commercial aircraft navigation systems. Strategic grade, high-performance mechanical gyroscopes are too expensive for current tactical grade missiles. Therefore, navigation level optical gyro is well applied to medium to long range weapon systems and ground vehicle navigation systems.The laser gyro can be used to provide space position information such as real-time course, speed, altitude and attitude for all kinds of aircraft and precision-guided weapons, improve the reliable flight time of the aircraft and greatly improve the hit precision of precision guided weapons.
Due to the excellent characteristics of laser gyro, in addition to the above traditional three-axis laser gyro inertial navigation system and its application in space and ground fields, laser gyro has also been applied to other aspects. The appearance of non-holonomic inertial measurement unit (IMU) broadens the scope and function of laser gyro. The incomplete combination mode includes many types, such as 2 laser gyros and 3 plus tables, 1 laser gyro and 2 plus tables, 1 laser gyro and 3 plus tables, etc. The application of a variety of non-holonomic systems of laser gyro in vehicle navigation system can not only measure the parameters of the moving carrier effectively by selecting different modes according to the error and accuracy needs of the actual system, but also reduce the number of laser gyro used, reduce the cost, power consumption and volume of the measurement system, and make full use of laser gyro resources. Typical application systems of this kind of ground carrier include train track parameter measurement system, geosynchronous satellite tracking system and so on.
More Technical Questions
1.How accurate is MEMS gyroscope?
3.Where are MEMS Gyroscopes Used?
4.Internal Structure Analysis of IMU
6.How to choose a MEMS accelerometer?
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